Area - 4715 acres 2 roods 14
perches
Population -1815
Houses - 376
Rateable value - £36221 16sh 2d
(there were 77 ratepayers who paid £
114sh 2d}.
Overseers - John Binns and James
Emmott
Guardian - John Binns
Waywarden - Nathan Binns
Churchwardens - James Watson
senior and James Watson junior
Constables - John Binns, Joseph
Smith and James Whitaker
Police constable - R. Wallbank
Assessor of Income - James
Shuttleworth
Assessed Taxes - James Watson
Holy Trinity Church -
Minister - Rev. G. Bayldon ,B.A., Vicar
Services - morning 10-30, afternoon 3
o'clock
Wesleyan Chapel, Ickornshaw
Services -10-30 a.m, 1-30 and 5-30 p.m.
Sunday scholars - 250, teachers - 50
Library - 260 volumes
United Methodist Free Churches
- Minister - Rev. S. Sellars
Services -10-30a.m., 1-30 and 5-0 p.m.
Sunday scholars - 300, teachers - 50
Library - 200 volumes
Baptist Chapel, Cowling Hill
- Minister - Rev. Nathaniel Walton,
whose services are gratuitous.
Services - 10-30 a.m and 2-0, p.m., and
in the evening a public prayer meeting
with occasional addresses, and during
the week there were meetings for prayer
&c., on Thursday and Saturday evenings
at 7-30 p.m..
Sunday scholars -109, teachers - 22 (11
males and 11 females}
Library - good books mainly from the
Tract Society.
Primitive Methodist Chapel,
Middleton - Minister - Rev.
J.Ayrton
Services - afternoon 1-30, evening 5-00.
National School - Teachers
- Mr. & Mrs. Ogden Davy
Scholars - boys - 70, and girls - 39
United Methodist Free Churches Day
School - Headteacher - Mr.
William Gott
Scholars - 70
Payments - 2d and 3d per week
Lessons in - reading, writing,
arithmetic, and geography.
Evening school 18, (limited to 20
scholars}
Lessons in - reading, writing,
arithmetic and grammar
Temperance Society -
Members -174. President - Rev. G.
Bayldon, Secretary - W. Tempest,
Treasurer - W. Emmott
Band Of Hope Society -
Members – 207
Ancient Order Of Foresters
- Court of Compassion, No. 104,
established August 1 St., 185 l, held at
the Black Bull Inn, capital of about £
1450, members - 232, secretary - John
Forte
Friendly Society for Females
Yorkshire Penny Savings Bank
- Open for deposits every other
Monday, from 7 to 8 p.m., at Mr. Gott's
schoolroom, managers - Rev. G. Bayldon,
Mr. W. Marchbank, Mr. W. Gott and Mr. W.
Heaton
Post Office - Arrivals of
mail from Crosshills 8-45 a.m., delivery
8-45 a.m., box closes at Middleton at
4-25 p.m., despatch 4-30 p.m., New Road
Side Wall Box 5-0 p.m.
Feast Sunday - Sunday
nearest the 11th of July; ruled by St.
Peter's Day
Carriers - James Gott - to
Keighley on Mondays and Fridays; Masons
Arms,
W. Brigg - butter factor - to Keighley
on Wednesdays; Kings Arms.
T. Binns - to Skipton on Saturdays; Red
Lion.
Words commonly used in Craven in
1869:- Bain - near, Barn (Bahn}
- going, Bawk - a cross beam, Big - to
build, Elden - fuel, Fair - evidently,
Fearfull - very, Fettle - condition,
Flay - to make afraid, Flyte - to scold,
Gaumless - half silly, Gird - fit, or
spasms, Girn - to grin, Grave - to dig,
Hafer - oats (haver bread I oat cake),
Hooind - much tired, Hoss - to cough,
Kittle - to tickle, Lake I Laik - to
play, Lig - to lie I lay down, Lover -
chimney, Mack - sort, Neive - fist,
Pride - fineness, Raum - room,
Rawt I Rort - to roar, Reek - to smoke,
Scaly - mean, Scaumy - shining, Shippon
- a cow house, Sile - to pour down with
rain, Skuggy - gloomy, Stee - a ladder,
Steyen - to bespeak I to speak, Team I
Teem - to pour out, Throssel - a thrush
(bird), Titter - soon sooner,
Watter-taums - spittle in the mouth,
Wark - to ache. Most of these words can
be traced through Anglo-Saxon and
Danish, to an Icelandic origin.
History of Cowling
Cowling was a subordinate Fee under the
castle at Skipton, then as a mesne-manor
(mesne - intermediate, intervening
[middle English]), then subdivided into
the three manors of Colling, Stotthill
and Ickornshaw. A charter of Free Warren
(catch your own rabbits without being
arrested for poaching) was granted to
Geoffrey de Nevile in the 9th year of
Edward 1st’s reign.
In the reign of Henry 6th Richard Russel
of Wighall in the county of York, gent.,
releases to Thomas Mering Esq., and his
wife, the manor of Cowling.
Towards the end of the reign of Henry
the 8th it, (Cowling), belonged to
Thomas Blakay, who was hanged, and his
lands and property were confiscated, and
given to Henry the first Earl of
Cumberland.
Cowling remained in the hands of the
Earls of Cumberland well into the reign
of Elizabeth the first.. It was then
sold in three manors, Ickornshaw and `Colling'
to the freeholders, and Stothill to ----
Parker, Esq. a minor.
Carr Head
The Copley family used to belong to Carr
Head along with the manor of Collinge.
Edmund Laycock then gained possession of
Carr Head through the death of his
cousin Hugh Laycock, who had purchased
it from Alvery Copley. Edmund then
gifted it to his son Edmund by Deed
along with the manors of Collinge and
Laycock, `stipulating that his son
should `maintain him for his natural
life, and provide him with a horse, and
suitable furniture to ride on (a
saddle)'. Edmund, the son, married in
1641 and had two daughters, of whom
Mary, the elder, was married, in 1672 to
Richard Wainman of Draughton. Marrying
Mary, he obtained Carr Head and the
manors of Cowling and Laycock. This was
the start of the VVainman dynasty at
Carr Head.
Flodden field
`Collyng' men at the Battle of Flodden
Field
The following people, along with others
from nearly every village in Craven,
went to the Battle of Flodden Field,
which was fought on the 9th. September
1513 at the summons of the Lord Clifford
of Skipton Castle.
Piers Tillotson, - who had a bow and an
able horse etc.
Xrofer Laycock - armed with a bow
Nicholas Scarborough - armed with a bow
Henry Waller - armed with a bow
William Hargreaves (uncle)
Robert Hargreaves (nephew)
Four of these men were yeomen
Battle of Towton
The battle of Towton (near Tadcaster}
was fought on Palm Sunday in 1461, with
the
Lord Clifford Of Skipton Castle and his
Followers fighting for the House of
Lancaster, who were defeated suffering
great loss of life. There were around
39,000 killed that day.
Prices of provisions and wages
In the year 1310 :- Wheat
was 6 shillings per quarter, and Oats
were 3 shillings. A Fat Cow was 12
shillings 6 pence, a Sheep was 1sh 2d, a
Fat Hog 3sh 4d, and a Fat Goose was
2'½d.. Eggs were '½d a dozen (12), and
Wine was 4d a gallon (4.5 litres).
In 1320 :- Labourers Wages
were 1. per day for the best workmen,
and Reapers in the first week of August
were allowed 2d. per day for the first
week, and 2'½d per day for the second
week, a Master Carpenter was only
allowed 3d per day throughout the whole
year, and a Common Carpenter got 2d per
day. Best Military Horses were 13sh 4d.,
a Pair of Shoes were 4d., and a Holy
Bible was £33 6sh 8d..
1487 saw the very finest
bred Riding Horse for the King costing
16 shillings, a Greyhound cost 14sh 4d.,
and a Goshawk (a bird of prey} cost 4
shillings. (Hunting and hawking took the
place of warring and fighting among the
Nobility and gentry, so birds of prey
were at an exorbitant price).
In 1531 :- Sugar was 7d a
lb (pound), Milk was 11½d a gallon, and
Eggs were 7'½d for 60. Rabbits were 2sh
2d for a dozen, Geese were 7d, a Sirloin
of Beef was 2sh 4d, Half of a Fat Calf
was 2sh 8d.. A Barrel of Ale was 3sh 8d,
a Kilderkin of Beer (half a barrel) was
1sh., and Wine was l 0d per gallon.
Currants were 2½d a pound, and Common
Bread was 1sh 10d per each bushel loaf
(2,219 cubic inches or 0.03637 cubic
metre).
In 1560 :- 8 Pints of
Butter were 1 sh 6d., beef was 8d per
stone (14 pounds), and a Leg of Mutton
was 5d., and Pullets were 3 for 1
shilling. |
